Diabetic & Hypertensive Retinopathy

The human retina is unique in its pattern of vascular bifurcations, branching arcades and tortuosity. The architecture of retinal blood vessels not only imparts a distinctive morphological imprint to subjects, but also determines micro-circulatory adequacy. This book presents an extensive comparison of retinal vascular architecture in Healthy, Diabetic and Hypertensive fundus along objective parameters like distance, direction, branching and tortuosity. It exhibits elaborate use of fundus imaging and angiography to quantify morphological profiles of retinal vasculature and the ultra-structural changes that govern the development and progress of retinopathy. The research presented herein; reveals for the first time, the evidence of papillary trunk arterial angles and prime arterial bifurcation distances influencing the adequacy of microcirculation in the human retina.