Deregulated Power System with Special Emphasis on ATC

In the developed and the developing countries, more so in the latter, the available electrical power supply-demand mismatch is continuously increasing, often resulting in forced power cuts to the customers. This situation is brought in by the fact that the rate at which the demand is increasing is much more than that of the supply. The system operator with a view to supply power reliably likes to know about the capacity of power available for transfer at any moment of time and under all system states. In a deregulated system operation, both the operator and the customers must be knowledgeable about this important system variable known as Available Transfer Capacity (ATC). Determination of ATC and its enhancement are two important aspects of any system under reliable operation. The system operator uses all the resources available at his disposal to relieve congestion. The congestion relief is the major issue in competitive electricity markets. The issue mentioned i.e., ATC enhancement is taken up for investigation in this book. To realize this objective, the tools used are: continuation Power-Flow, Generation and Load Rescheduling, FACTS devices and the Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO).