CWs and SAT for Nutrients and Organic Micropollutants Attenuation

Constructed wetlands (CW) and soil aquifer treatment (SAT) are natural and biodriven systems,they remove most of the dissolved organic matter (DOC) and nutrients. Furthermore, CWs aeration could be used as one of the alternatives to reduce CWs footprint by around 10%. Vegetation in CWs plays an essential role in the treatment; it is responsible for the removal of 15%, 55%, 38%, and 22% for TN, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), nitrate and phosphate, respectively. CWs achieved a very high removal for some organic micropollutants (OMPs); they attenuated acetaminophen, caffeine, fluoxetine and trimethoprim (>90%) under different redox conditions. Moreover, temperature could enhance the removals of atenolol, caffeine, DEET and trimethoprim by 17%, 14%, 28% and 45%, respectively. On the other hand, OMPs were found to be removed by vegetation such as: acetaminophen, caffeine, fluoxetine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. Moreover, atenolol, caffeine, fluoxetine and trimethoprim, showed high removal >80%, through SAT system. Additionally, the natural hybrid system (CW-SAT) can provide an effective treatment technology of reclaimed water for replenishing aquifers and subsequent reuse