Constructing classes for students' lifelong learning

Task-based learning (TBL) and Constructivism are not new ideas, but they are perhaps the most recent focus. A reaction to education policies, based on the grammar-translation methodology, which has proven to be ineffective in ESL, it is also a reaction to the inability of students to perform in real life situations after achieving reasonably high scores in TOEIC tests. Theories put forward by Atherton, Atkinson, Burner, Piaget, Chomsky, and others worked at modifying the theories, but it was Vygotsky, a psychologist, who brought forward the notion of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). As a social psychologist, Vygotsky provided the theory, while Bruner, Atherton, and others developed the pedagogy.