Cadmium, Toxicity & Changes_Gene Expression; Mitochondrial Functions

Cadmium; is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal, causing health and environmental problems; its toxicity causes general health problems in liver & other organs & also, disrupts gene expression and @ cause changes in reactive oxygen species generation of; oxidative stress imbalance; apoptosis interference and inhibition of damaged DNA repair which ultimately lead to carcinogenesis and may finally lead to cancer. MiRNA-146a is a gene with multiple functions, which play important roles in the physiological or pathological processes of the hematopoiesis; tumorigenesis; immunity and inflammation. The expression of miR146a and the two targeting adaptor proteins Irak1 and Traf6; examines the DNA content and cell cycle progression by using flow cytometry; measuring the DNA content; cell cycle progression & liver hepatotoxicity as functions and oxidative stress; assess the histological changes of liver tissue & analyzing gene expression of Ppar¿; Tfam; Nrf1 @ Nfe2l2, Parkaa1, Stat3 was measured for mitochondrial biogenesis& genes for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathway. Finally, the antioxidant ability of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)_ modulate cadmium induced; cyt-toxicity, & improve general health.