Biofilms in Endodontics

Endodontic infections have a poly-microbial nature with obligate anaerobic bacteria conspicuously dominating the microbiota in primary infections. The vast majority of micro-organisms in nature invariably grow and function as members of metabolically integrated communities, or biofilms. These biofilms are responsible for most of the chronic infections and almost all recalcitrant infections in human beings. The objectives of root canal treatment are to dissolve vital or necrotic pulp tissues, disrupt endodontic biofilms, neutralize endotoxins and remove smear layer. Applying the biofilm concept to endodontic microbiology helps to understand the pathogenic potential of the root canal microbiota and to form new approaches in root canal disinfection.