Automotive safety technologies

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 125. Chapters: Seat belt, Airbag, Anti-lock braking system, Headlamp, Electronic stability control, Breathalyzer, Tire-pressure monitoring system, Hydropneumatic suspension, Intelligent speed adaptation, Mitsubishi AWC, Safety car, Infant car seat, Wheel speed sensor, Mobileye, Continuous transdermal alcohol monitoring, Precrash system, OnStar, HANS device, Jeep four wheel drive systems, Lane departure warning system, Crumple zone, Mitsubishi RISE, Repellor vehicle, Bumper, Mitsubishi S-AWC, Autonomous cruise control system, Driver visibility, Automotive night vision, Traction control system, Windshield, Ignition interlock device, Pedestrian safety through vehicle design, Britax, Intelligent vehicle technologies, Aurora, DIRAVI, Safety Connect, Nira Dynamics AB, Lexus Link, Snow chains, Roll over protection structure, Intelligent Car Initiative, Electronic brakeforce distribution, Collision avoidance system, Adaptive highbeam, Child safety lock, Enhanced Traction System, Backup camera, Automatic headlight dimmer, Pillar, Brake Assist, Hill-holder, Tire Pressure Indicator, Parking sensors, ESafety, Frontal Protection System, Active Yaw Control, Driver Monitoring System, BMW Assist, Deer horn, Drop Stop, Motorcycle headlamp modulator, Procon-ten, Roll cage, Headrest, Active rollover protection, Advanced Automatic Collision Notification, WHIPS, Emergency Brake Assist, Traffic sign recognition, Back-up collision, Side Impact Protection System, Active Safety, Advanced driver assistance systems, Blind spot monitor, Passive safety device, Advanced Brake Warning, Proportioning valve, Driver drowsiness detection, Non-glaring headlamp, Loose wheel nut indicator, Hutchens device, Blind Spot Information System, POLAR III, R3 device, BS 857, Cornering Brake Control, Vehicle safety technology, Sand flag, Seat Indication Point. Excerpt: A headlamp is a lamp, usually attached to the front of a vehicle such as a car, with the purpose of illuminating the road ahead during periods of low visibility, such as darkness or precipitation. Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities: the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness. While it is common for the term headlight to be used interchangeably in informal discussion, headlamp is the technically correct term for the device itself, while headlight properly refers to the beam of light produced and distributed by the device. A headlamp can also be mounted on a bicycle (with a battery or small electrical generator), and most other vehicles from airplanes to trains tend to have headlamps of their own. Additionally automotive night vision systems work to supplement headlamps. One of the first optic headlamp lenses, the Corning Conaphore. Selective yellow "Noviol" glass version shown. 1917 advertisement for the Corning Conaphore headlamp lens shown above. The earliest headlamps were fueled by acetylene or oil and were introduced in the late 1880s. Acetylene lamps were popular because the flame was resistant to wind and rain. The first electric headlamps were introduced in 1898 on the Columbia Electric Car from the Electric Vehicle Company of Hartford, Connecticut, and were optional. Two factors limited the widespread use of electric headlamps...