Annotated Translation Project of The Old Man and The Sea

This annotated translation project includes the novel, The old man and the sea, published in 1952 and written by the American writer Ernest Hemingway, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his novel the year after. In this project I will seek to critically examine a number of ideological and cultural issues of difference and problems as part of my ¿annotated translation¿ and also consider the social and political implications, in an Islamic society like Kurdistan for example, that each explanation carries with it. It will then be argued how the basic problems encountered by the translator in the process of translating, how these have been solved and also how the solutions have been determined. The problems, that I have faced, are to be examined within a theoretical framework. My choice for the theoretical framework is Professor Christiane Nord¿s who clearly indicates four main types of problems, ¿pragmatic translation problems, cultural translation problems, linguistic translation problems and text-specific translation problems.¿ And a variety of theoretical models of translation have been used to keep a balance between the author and readership and to tackle the problems as well.