African protection of IDPs.

It was not until 2009 that a convention on the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons in Africa, known as the Kampala Convention, was adopted. It was the first legally binding treaty in international law. It defines internal displacement as "the involuntary or forced movement, evacuation or relocation of persons or groups of persons within the internationally recognized borders of a state. Ranked 187th out of 188 countries on the United Nations Development Program's 2019 Human Development Index, and with the highest fertility rate in the world (7.6 children per woman according to the National Institute of Statistics), Niger is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world.