A study of neuroscience seen through Merleau-Ponty's philosophy

This is a theoretical work whose goal is to analyze some aspects of the neuroscience with the Merleau-Ponty¿s philosophy help. The central themes are composed of an analysis of the research methodological assumptions, a consideration about the effects of cortical lesions on behavior, a study of the relationship between structure and function, and a discussion about perception. The first theme, the methodological assumptions, has special relevance in this work, while the others contemplated in their analysis the results of the first. The two methodological assumptions considered in this study are called real analysis and ideal analysis. According to the philosopher, classical physiology has been developed guided by atomistic and mechanistic assumptions, grouped in the concept of real analysis. The modern physiology models have been alternated between ideal and real analysis, the latter being conceptualized in physiology due to a certain influence of the Gestalt psychology, as well as principles that considers an organism with self-organized and intentional actions over their environment, as opposed to an organism that acts as a passive agent to its environment.