A Novel approach for Fault Tolerant Nano Memory Applications

NANOTECHNOLOGY provides smaller, faster, and lower energy devices which allow more powerful and compact circuitry; However, these benefits come with a cost¿the nanoscale devices may be less reliable. Thermal- and shot-noise estimations alone suggest that the transient fault rate of an individual nanoscale device (e.g., transistor or nanowire) may be orders of magnitude higher than today¿s devices. A failure is said to have occurred in a circuit or system if it deviates from its specified behavior. A fault on the other hand is physical defect which may or may not cause a failure. The failure rate, also known as the hazard rate and defined as number of failures per unit time compared with the number of surviving components. A fault is characterized by its nature, value, extent & duration.