Sedatives

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 59. Chapters: Truth drug, Ketamine, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, Methaqualone, Quetiapine, Quazepam, Hydroxyzine, Diphenhydramine, Meprobamate, Kindling, Gamma-Butyrolactone, 1,4-Butanediol, Chloral hydrate, Flurazepam, Acepromazine, Sedative, Potassium bromide, Date rape drug, SB-334,867, Fospropofol, Ramelteon, Fludiazepam, Glutethimide, Lagochilus inebrians, QH-II-66, List of psychotropic medications, Detomidine, Indiplon, Ethchlorvynol, Panadiplon, 3-Methyl-2-butanol, Clomethiazole, Ganaxolone, 2-Methyl-2-butanol, Embutramide, Pipequaline, CL-218,872, Premazepam, Propiomazine, Ocinaplon, Suriclone, Lirequinil, Valerenic acid, SX-3228, Bromisoval, Suproclone, Almorexant, Diproqualone, Etaqualone, Benzoctamine, Mecloqualone, Saripidem, Methylmethaqualone, Pazinaclone, Afloqualone, Gaboxadol, Dichloralphenazone, Triclofos, Chlorobutanol, U-89843A, Valofane, U-90042, Mebroqualone, SH-053-R-CH3-2'F, Nitromethaqualone, Sulazepam, Acecarbromal, Loreclezole, SB-408,124, Ethinamate, Methapyrilene, Tasimelteon, 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol, ROD-188, Necopidem, Taniplon, Fasiplon, TCS-OX2-29, Apronal, Cloroqualone, Sigmodal, Chloralodol, Aceburic acid, Esketamine, Oxanamide, Procymate, Fenadiazole, Minitran, Vinylbital, Acebrochol, Vinbarbital, Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate, Petrichloral, Unisom, Z-drug, Cyclopyrrolones, LY-156,735, Chloral Betaine, Bekhterev's Mixture, SB-649,868, Bromoureide. Excerpt: Ketamine is a drug used in human and veterinary medicine. Its hydrochloride salt is sold as Ketanest, Ketaset, and Ketalar. Pharmacologically, ketamine is classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist. At high, fully anesthetic level doses, ketamine has also been found to bind to opioid µ receptors and sigma receptors. Like other drugs of this class such as tiletamine and phencyclidine (PCP), it induces a state referred to as "dissociative anesthesia" and is used as a recreational drug. Ketamine has a wide range of effects in humans, including analgesia, anesthesia, hallucinations, elevated blood pressure, and bronchodilation. Ketamine is primarily used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, usually in combination with a sedative. Other uses include sedation in intensive care, analgesia (particularly in emergency medicine), and treatment of bronchospasm. It has been shown to be effective in treating depression in patients with bipolar disorder who have not responded to other anti-depressants. It is also a popular anesthetic in veterinary medicine. Ketamine is a chiral compound. Most pharmaceutical preparations of ketamine are racemic; however, some brands reportedly have (mostly undocumented) differences in enantiomeric proportions. The more active enantiomer, (S)-ketamine, is also available for medical use under the brand name Ketanest S. (R)-ketamine, (S)-ketamine & racemic (R,S)-ketamine all have qualitatively separate distinct effect profiles, although S has the most active potency. Ketamine is a core medicine in the World Health Organization's "Essential Drugs List", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic health care system. Ketamine was developed by Parke-Davis in 1962 as part of an effort to find a safer anesthetic alternative to phencyclidine (PCP), which was likely to cause hallucinations, neurotoxicity and seizures. The drug was first given to American soldiers during the Vietnam War. It is still widely used in humans. It is als