Road Pricing in Europe

This document focuses on the essential elements comprising ¿contact less recognition of vehicles for the purpose of electronic toll collection¿ - the so called ¿Road Pricing¿. It does not deal with the aspects of (automation-supported) manual toll collection and related technologies. One should not forget that the complete realization of a road pricing system (especially a nationwide one) requires to pay (significant) attention to the so-called ¿non- equipped¿, ¿random¿ or ¿non-frequent¿ users, those whose vehicle is not equipped with an on board unit. They play a major role in the entire system context. The technologies necessary to comply with that particular aspect - for example, in the form of a manual toll collection scheme in parallel to the automated one - however, will be addressed in this document as well.