"RESPONSE OF ORGANIC MANURES AND BIOSTIMULANTS ON BROCCOLI CULTIVATION

Biostimulants are products that increase plant growth, water resistance, and resistance to abiotic stresses while reducing the need for fertilizers. These substances are effective at low concentrations, promoting the good performance of the plant's vital processes and allowing for high yields and high-quality products. Regardless of nutrient content, biostimulants applied to plants improve nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and plant quality traits. Humic acid, hormones, algae extract, and plant growth promoting bacteria are among the raw materials used in biostimulants composition. Bio-fertilizers are microorganism-containing substances that, when added to soil, increase fertility and promote plant growth. They help to maintain soil fertility by releasing growth-promoting substances and vitamins. They act as antagonists, suppressing the occurrence of soil-borne plant pathogens and thus aiding in disease biocontrol. Bio-fertilizers with nitrogen fixing, phosphate mobilising and cellulolytic microorganisms increase the availability of plant nutrients in the soil, assisting in the production of sustainable agricultural and farming systems.