Periodontal Tissue Engineering

Literature Review from the year 2016 in the subject Biology - Miscellaneous, grade: 1, , course: MASTERS OF DENTAL SURGERY, language: English, abstract: Tissue engineering applies the principles of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering for the development of substitutes that replace, repair or enhance the biological function of diseased and damaged human body parts, by manipulating cells via their extracellular microenvironment. This three dimensional extracellular architecture ("scaffold") can be fabricated in the shape of the tissue we want to restore, with the help of either polymer hydrogel, self-assembly, non- woven matrix, nano-fibrous electrospun matrices, 3D weaving, or any other textile technology-based techniques, depending upon their structural and functional requirements. This concept in periodontics began with guided tissue regeneration, a mechanical approach utilizing non-resorbable membranes to regenerate periodontal defects. In dental implantology, guided bone regeneration membranes, with or without mechanical support, are used for bone augmentation.