Morphological and molecular diversity in cowpea

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp.] is an important grain legume crop in developing countries of the tropics and subtropics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Central and South America. In India, cowpea is mainly cultivated for vegetables, pulses, fodder, green manure and soil-improving cover crop. Both grain and leaves are edible products of cowpea that are rich and cheap sources of high-quality protein, therefore, also known as vegetable meat. This study helps in strengthening the breeding programmes for cowpea. Genetic diversity plays an important role in the success of any breeding program. Knowledge of the genetic diversity and relationship among the varieties are very useful in recognizing gene pools and for the identification of germplasm and its management strategies. Molecular marker studies are more reliable as they overcome the environmental effects. Identification of genetic diversity using DNA markers can provide insights into the genetic structure and diversity among varieties. This crop has the potential to supplement the protein requirements of the common people so needed special attention regarding genetic improvement.