MAGNIFICATION IN SURGICAL ENDODONTICS

Surgical endodontics has seen many developments since the time of its inception. One of the major developments was the introduction of magnification. Magnification devices used in dentistry are loupes and dental operating microscopes. These devices provide increased visibility, precision during surgery, and improve operator ergonomics. Furthermore, when used in conjunction with bioactive materials can render more predictable treatment outcomes. This has also lead to the introduction of various microsurgical instruments exclusively for endodontic microsurgery. This book seeks to provide an evidence¿based overview of the state¿of¿ the¿art procedures and outcomes of endodontic microsurgery with a prime focus on periapical surgeries while contrasting the differences with traditional or historical techniques.