Ionospheric Irregularities: Sporadic - E and Spread -F

Earth is part of solar system and it has some special features, which makes it beautiful and has conditions conducive for the humans to survive on it. It is well known that the main source of energy for the Earth is Sun. So any changes in, of and on the sun, affects the Earth¿s environment also called as Space weather. Any changes in Earth¿s atmosphere due to space weather may affect the Earth and in turn, the human life. Like this, there could be many phenomena which could spontaneously occur on the Earth¿s, in turn affecting the human life directly (seismic activity, variation in Earth¿s magnetic field, increase in temperature due to greenhouse effect, to name a few)The objective of this book is paying attention to study the short and long term variation over anomaly crest region. The quantitative understanding of low latitude ionosphere is still incomplete. It is needed to explore more therefore. In present work the behavior of characteristics of spread F, sporadic E, variations over the anomaly crest region using some space and ground based experiments. In this work, we are considering the 23rd solar cycle.