German chess writers

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 28. Chapters: Emanuel Lasker, Adolf Anderssen, Siegbert Tarrasch, Artur Yusupov, Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa, Robert Hübner, Ludek Pachman, Kurt Richter, Paul Felix Schmidt, Helmut Pfleger, Rainer Knaak, Paul Saladin Leonhardt, Igor Glek, Jacques Mieses, Karsten Müller, Daniel Harrwitz, Theodor von Scheve, Jean Dufresne, Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Lev Gutman, Wolfgang Heidenfeld, Aaron Alexandre, Alfred Brinckmann, Rudolf Teschner, Bernhard Horwitz, Emil Schallopp, Max Lange, Johannes Minckwitz, Gustav Neumann, Philipp Hirschfeld, Christopher Lutz, Horatio Caro, Paul Rudolf von Bilguer, Wilhelm Hanstein, Josef Kling, Frank Lamprecht. Excerpt: Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 - January 11, 1941) was a German chess player, mathematician, and philosopher who was World Chess Champion for 27 years. In his prime Lasker was one of the most dominant champions, and he is still generally regarded as one of the strongest players ever. His contemporaries used to say that Lasker used a "psychological" approach to the game, and even that he sometimes deliberately played inferior moves to confuse opponents. Recent analysis, however, indicates that he was ahead of his time and used a more flexible approach than his contemporaries, which mystified many of them. Lasker knew the openings well but disagreed with many contemporary analyses. He published chess magazines and five chess books, but later players and commentators found it difficult to draw lessons from his methods. He demanded high fees for playing matches and tournaments, which aroused criticism at the time but contributed to the development of chess as a professional career. The conditions which Lasker demanded for World Championship matches in the last ten years of his reign were controversial, and prompted attempts, particularly by his successor José Raúl Capablanca, to define agreed rules for championship matches. Lasker made contributions to the development of other games. He was a first-class contract bridge player and wrote about bridge and other games, including Go and his own invention, Lasca. His books about games presented a problem which is still considered notable in the mathematical analysis of card games. Besides, Lasker was a research mathematician who was known for his contributions to commutative algebra. On the other hand, his philosophical works and a drama that he co-authored received little attention. Lasker as a young manEmanuel Lasker was born on December 24, 1868 at Berlinchen in Neumark (now Barlinek in Poland), the son of a Jewish cantor. At the age of eleven he was sent to Berlin to study mathematics, where he lived with his brother