Digging up the Bible?

This is the account of a remarkable excavation. It started with a modest dig on an unremarkable tell in Jordan. The name of the tell does not occur in the Bible, and no ancient town of any importance was to be expected under the rubble. The excavator Henk Franken had not yet made a name for himself within the archaeological community.

And yet, from 1960 onwards history was being (re)written at Tell Deir Alla. To discover the secrets of the tell, the expedition team defied cold, rain and stormy winds for months on end, sleeping in rattling tents and working long days on the tell and in the camp. And with success! A meticulous yet efficient excavation method was introduced, the already tenuous relationship between Bible and archaeology was further exacerbated, and the study of excavated pottery was given a scientific basis. The name Deir Alla became an international benchmark for modern scientific research, for prompt publication of the remarkable finds and for independent interpretation of the excavation results.

The story of the excavations at Tell Deir Alla in the 1960s have never been told in any detail, and the excavation results have mostly been published in scholarly books and journals which are difficult to access. This book hopes to remedy that. It recounts the story of the first ten years of the project, from 1959 when funding for the project was sought, until 1969 when the first report was published. The first section describes the organization of the project before the expedition team went out into the field. The second part takes the reader to the actual field work and describes the occupation history of the tell. The story is illustrated by numerous photographs and plans, many of which are being published for the first time.

Contents

Prologue

Chapter 1. Excavating in Jordan

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

The East Jordan Valley

Tell Deir Alla

The tent camp

Chapter 2. From theologian to archaeologist

From theologian to archaeologist

Tell es-Sultan: a source of archaeological inspiration

From Tell es-Sultan to Tell Deir Alla

Sailing his own course¿

Chapter 3. This is how you organise a dig!

Start of the organisation in the homeland

The organisation in Jordan

Chapter 4. The pickaxe hits the soil

1960 ¿ Start of the expedition

1961 ¿ A difficult but successful excavation season

1962 ¿ An intermediate season

1964 ¿ Excavation of the temple

1967 ¿ A new start

Chapter 5. The story of the inhabitants

Farmers in the Chalcolithic period

Trade in the Middle Bronze Age

Life around the Late Bronze Age temple

Bronze smiths in the Early Iron Age

A village on the crossroads

Mourning on the tell

Epilogue