Design a Two-Stage Operational Amplifier using CMOS Technology

Today VLSI technologies play the vital role and huge demand to design electronic circuits and systems with increasing miniaturization, portability, performance, reliability, and functionality. As Analog VLSI, the fundamental design is OP-AMP Integrated Circuits. Now a days, these OP-AMPs are most useful and most of the electronic devices are drastically used in signal conditioning, filtering and for execution of mathematical operations. Generally, two stage OP-AMPs preferred than single stage OP-amps because of the good gain, high output swing, low noise and good bandwidth.The procedure inscribed in this project is to design two stage CMOS operational amplifiers (Op-Amp) and analyse the effect of various parameters on the characteristics of Op-Amp design like gain, phase margin, slew rate, power dissipation, etc., This work presents a design and implementation of two stage CMOS operational amplifiers which operate at ±1.8 V supply voltage and also verify the some of the applications also.