Calculating and testing of substation grounding systems

One of the important elements of a substation is the grounding system, which is, without doubt, the most important part of an electrical system from the point of view of human and equipment safety. The safety, reliability, and correct operation of electrical power systems depend on the quality of the design and construction of the grounding system. The tendency of modern substations to go to higher voltages and to increase the short circuit current levels emphasizes the importance of adequate grounding design procedures and verification methodologies. Two main tasks stand before the personnel who are engaged in groundings: first, to design the grounding system according to required safety parameters, and second, to ensure that measurements of these parameters are of the greatest accuracy. Design problems of the substation grounding system and resistance measurement problems are considered in this book.