Africa in development

Unlike the two previous volumes of Africa in Development, which raise various issues related to Africa's development, Volume 3 specifically addresses the issue of employability, employment, underemployment and graduate unemployment, which has become a real headache for African authorities and donors.Despite the introduction of the license-master-doctorate (LMD) pedagogical reform at the end of the 2000s and the beginning of the 2010s, nothing has fundamentally changed in the training system or in the functioning of the university. In the end, these training institutions have turned into "diploma factories" and creators of unemployed people. However, upstream preparation through career centers could contribute to reducing this scourge.