A REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF URDU

Grammar is used to refer to a number of different things: it can be used to refer to books that contain descriptions of the structure of a language; it can be used to refer to the knowledge that a native speaker has of his or her language and to descriptions of that knowledge; it can be used to refer to a set of rules developed to control certain aspects of the usage of native speakers; and it can be used to refer to a set of rules typically taught in school about ¿appropriate usage¿ and about writing.A descriptive grammar looks at the way a language is actually used by its speakers and then attempts to analyze it and formulate rules about the structure. Descriptive grammar does not deal with what is good or bad language use; forms and structures that might not be used by speakers of Standard Urdu would be regarded as valid and included. It is a grammar based on the way a language actually is and not how some think it should be.