{"product_id":"the-first-opium-war-and-its-impacts-on-china-von-cornelia-andree","title":"The first Opium War and its impacts on China","description":"\u003cp\u003eSeminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject History - Asia, grade: 1,0, The University of Hong Kong, language: English, abstract: Before 1839, China was closed for Western trader. The only Chinese port, where highly controlled trade between Western merchants and the governmental ap-pointed merchants ¿Gong Hang¿ was allowed, was Canton (Guangzhou). Western merchants had to life in separated districts of Canton, could not stay there more than a few months and were prohibited to bring their families or to have contact with Chinese except in trade. Furthermore, Western traders could not contact Chi-nese officials directly and there were no formal diplomatic relations between Chi-na and Western countries. Why did China seal off itself from Western trade so extremely?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783656381327\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783656381327","offer_id":39446228041821,"sku":"9783656381327","price":15.95,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/cd1a94fa-6207-4670-a32e-f5c4c732e062.jpg?v=1777955905","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/the-first-opium-war-and-its-impacts-on-china-von-cornelia-andree","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}