{"product_id":"privatization-of-violence-in-mindanao-philippines-von-aynul-islam","title":"Privatization of violence in Mindanao, Philippines","description":"\u003cp\u003eViolence in Mindanao is not simply an outcome of conflict. A substantial portion of armed violence took place out of the larger battlefield in Mindanao. The continuity of violence is a joint process between macro and micro dynamics. At the macro level, the central state dominated political and economic governance mechanism has considerably failed to ensure a meaningful and substantive political autonomy, and development for the peripheral people in Mindanao.     The micro level actors and triggers, often invisible, play a critical role in armed violence process in Mindanao. The micro level informal privatized violence has been a trigger for formal armed violence in Mindanao. Clan violence, locally known as ridos, triggered by mostly disputes over resources and violation of dignity, plays a fundamental role in shaping armed violence. Private armies held by political warlords and local strongmen, and civil militias are also playing a significant role in generating and sustaining armed violence in Mindanao. The civil militia groups often directly involve in formal armed violence.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783845479415\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Autorenwelt Shop","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783845479415","offer_id":39485450059869,"sku":"9783845479415","price":49.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/19464330-6290-4188-94e7-52df7cbf794e.jpg?v=1773470787","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/privatization-of-violence-in-mindanao-philippines-von-aynul-islam","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}