{"product_id":"plantation-forests-and-ecosystem-services-von-rajesh-rai","title":"Plantation forests and Ecosystem Services","description":"\u003cp\u003eMonocultures of conifers in the Eastern Himalayas  have sparked off a controversy. Local people see  environmental negatives whilst forest department has  an economic motive. Consequently, a paradigm shift in plantations from monocultures to mixed species  occurred. However, scarcity of the forest products  and exploitation of forest resources continue. This  book, therefore, shed light on a link between plantations and forest dependent communities in relation to the impacts of management practices in provisioning services. Both, conifers and broadleaved have capability of producing variety of non-timer services, which was influenced by age and species composition.Since, silviculture is the art and science of cultivation of trees which determines the growth, structure and quality of forests to  meet the diverse needs of stakeholders; a proper  silviculture system should integrate socio-ecological benefits into the plantation system. In the rural area like Darjeeling hills, multipurpose forestry should be the main aspire, where small wood and non-timber forest products can satisfy the needs of forest dwellers whilst timber production makes  plantation economically viable.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783838360102\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eVariations in ecosystem services from different plantations in the Eastern Himalayas\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Autorenwelt Shop","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783838360102","offer_id":39499015553117,"sku":"9783838360102","price":49.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/a5c9280a-fc4a-4e39-b360-1c44957e7b07.jpg?v=1775626943","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/plantation-forests-and-ecosystem-services-von-rajesh-rai","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}