{"product_id":"notes-on-russian-history-development-of-russian-society-von-andrey-tikhomirov","title":"Notes on Russian history","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Russian statehood and culture was formed in the most difficult conditions. By calculations of the Russian historian V.O. Klyuchevsky, Russia for 234 years (1228-1462) has rendered 160 external wars. In the XVI century Russia was at war against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Livonian Order and Sweden for 43 years, not for a year without interrupting the struggle against the Tatar Mongols. In XVII century Russia fought for 48 years, in XVIII century - 56 years. In general, for Russia the state of the world was rather an exception, and war was a cruel rule. Put by fate on the border of two continents, Russia covered Europe as a shield from the invasion of wild Tatar-Mongol hordes and in gratitude from it received blows in the back. Defending or attacking, Russia as a whole was waging fair and inevitable wars at that time: it had no other choice. If the country wanted to live and develop, it had to prove its right to life and development to its neighbors with a blade over the course of five centuries.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9786200968432\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eDevelopment of Russian society\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9786200968432","offer_id":39455105876061,"sku":"9786200968432","price":26.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/ea69f351-ecc8-42b1-ade6-a53f6d17ad3e.jpg?v=1757397929","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/notes-on-russian-history-development-of-russian-society-von-andrey-tikhomirov","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}