{"product_id":"immune-response-to-virus-von-ana-filipa-ferreira-aileen-rowan-und-charles-bangham","title":"Immune response to virus","description":"\u003cp\u003eDespite abundant activated Human T cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL), patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy\/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) show a significantly higher frequency of infected cells than Asymptomatic Carriers (AC) of the virus. In order to further characterise the CTL response to HTLV-1, an assay to quantify specific T cell effector functions was developed. I analysed degranulation (by CD107 mobilisation) and cytokine (IFN-¿ and TNF-¿) expression by both HTLV-1-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in response to HTLV-1 Tax peptide. This study shows a trend of the frequency of degranulating CD8+ T cells to be higher in HAM\/TSP patients, however at a given proviral load the rate of lysis of infected cells tend to be higher in ACs than in HAM\/TSP patients. Interestingly, only the frequency of CTL degranulation correlated with the rate of killing of target cells, suggesting that CTL killing of target cells depends mainly on degranulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783846542798\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eQuantification of T cell responses to HTLV-1: balance of inflammatory and antiviral effects\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Autorenwelt Shop","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783846542798","offer_id":39493593104477,"sku":"9783846542798","price":49.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/4ee0d125-dba9-484f-9c3b-83c3ec2d7326.jpg?v=1757740704","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/immune-response-to-virus-von-ana-filipa-ferreira-aileen-rowan-und-charles-bangham","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}