{"product_id":"how-useful-are-avoidance-mitigation-of-incidents-agreements-such-as-the-code-of-unplanned-encounters-at-sea-cues-von-mathias-jahn","title":"How useful are avoidance\/ mitigation of incidents agreements such as the Code of Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES)?","description":"\u003cp\u003eSeminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject Politics - Other International Politics Topics, grade: A, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies,Nanyang Technological University (SAF-NTU Academy), course: Maritime Security Studies, language: English, abstract: How useful are avoidance\/mitigation of incidents agreements such as the Code of Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) in reducing the risks of conflict and building confidence in the Indo-Pacific waters?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Indo-Pacific waters and, therein, the South China Sea (SCS) qualifies as the ¿center of gravity in global geopolitics¿. Foremost due to its attributes as a disputed area of sovereignty\/dominion, its rich flow\/stock resources, and crucial sealines of communication for world trade. To peacefully manage SCS¿s MARSAF and MARSEC , the literature suggests that over the past political\/military leaders have built a profound framework of ¿Maritime Confidence-building Measures¿ (MCBM) to improve ¿awareness¿ and ¿governance¿ on a ¿strategic, operational and tactical¿ level. In particular, through the collaborative ¿security communities¿ concept (e.g., ASEAN, ADMM, ADMM Plus, WPNS, MMCA) and ¿legally binding and nonbinding instruments¿ (e.g., COLREG, UNCLOS, CUES). \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, from 2010 to 2020, increased hegemonic Chinese military and grey zone activities as well as Vietnamese\/Indonesian\/Philippine\/Thai (re)actions led to 73 deliberate ship rammings\/ chasings\/harassings among the parties. Between 2016 and 2018, China conducted 18 risky close-distance maneuvers toward U.S. naval vessels in the Pacific.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese numbers suggest a practical discrepancy, ¿compliance¿ shortfall, and ¿unsafe¿ behavior by the signatories (in particular by China), raising initial doubts about the utility of the MCBM framework to achieve its safety\/security purposes.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo scope the essay to a workable set of SCS related research questions, it will examine to which extent the nonbinding CUES ('Independent Variable') did\/will prove useful:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea) to increase MARSAF ('Antecedent Condition' on tactical and operational levels),\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eb) to (then) increase MARSEC ('Dependent Variable' on a strategic level)?\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783346755247\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eUtility Assessment of CUES for Maritime Safety and Maritime Security\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Autorenwelt Shop","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783346755247","offer_id":40779185422429,"sku":"9783346755247","price":15.95,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/ad8699da-2eb1-4b87-9b7d-2ea5395b160c.jpg?v=1777092612","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/how-useful-are-avoidance-mitigation-of-incidents-agreements-such-as-the-code-of-unplanned-encounters-at-sea-cues-von-mathias-jahn","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}