{"product_id":"finalization-in-science-the-social-orientation-of-scientific-progress-von-wolf-schafer","title":"Finalization in Science","description":"These essays on Finalization in Science - The Social Orientation of Scientific Progress comprise a remarkable, problematic and controversial book. The authors propose a thesis about the social direction of scientific research which was the occasion of a lively and often bitter debate in Germany from 1976 to 1982. Their provocative thesis, briefly, is this: that modern science converges, historically, to the development of a number of 'closed theories', i. e. stable and relatively completed sciences, no longer to be improved by small changes but only by major changes in an entire theoretical structure. Further: that at such a stage of 'mature theory', the formerly viable norm of intra-scientific autonomy may appropriately be replaced by the social direction' of further scientific research (within such a 'mature' field) for socially relevant or, we may bluntly say, 'task-oriented' purposes. This is nothing less than a theory for the planning and social directing of science, under certain specific conditions. Understandably, it raised the sharp objections that such an approach would subordinate scientific inquiry as a free and untrammeled search for truth to the dictates of social relevance and dominant interests, even possibly to dictation and control for particularistic social and political interests.\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9789027715494\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eThe Social Orientation of Scientific Progress\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover - 9789027715494","offer_id":51265824134,"sku":"9789027715494","price":246.09,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/225f3724-abc2-46bc-bad8-e8eaf28e27b0.jpg?v=1772001334","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/finalization-in-science-the-social-orientation-of-scientific-progress-von-wolf-schafer","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}