{"product_id":"cryocoolers-12-von-ronald-g-jr-ross-hrsg","title":"Cryocoolers 12","description":"The last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. One class of pulse tubes that has reached maturity is referred to as “Stirling type” because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide cooling in the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate at frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The other type of pulse tube cooler making great advances is the so-called “Gifford-McMahon type. ” Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. Nearly a third of this proceedings covers these new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tubes is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials and Gifford-McMahon coolers. These technologies continue to make great progress in opening up the 2 - 4 K market. Also in the commercial sector, continued interest is being shown in the development of long-life, low-cost cryocoolers for the emerging high temperature superconductor electronics market, particularly the cellular telephone base-station market. At higher temperature levels, closed-cycle J-T or throttle-cycle refrigerators are taking advantage of mixed refrigerant gases to achieve low-cost cryocooler systems in the 65 to 80 K temperature range.\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9780306477140\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9781475782066\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover - 9780306477140","offer_id":50717508550,"sku":"9780306477140","price":213.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"Softcover - 9781475782066","offer_id":39414696935517,"sku":"9781475782066","price":213.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/aefffd18-236d-41f5-a860-68b77f991446.jpg?v=1774757393","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/cryocoolers-12-von-ronald-g-jr-ross-hrsg","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}