{"product_id":"contemporary-trends-in-juvenile-justice-von-claire-angelique-nolasco","title":"Contemporary trends in juvenile justice","description":"\u003cp\u003eMaster's Thesis from the year 2004 in the subject Law - Criminal process, Criminology, Law Enforcement, grade: A, Kyushu Daigaku (Kyushu University, School of Law), course: LL.M. International Economic and Business Law, language: English, abstract: Reforms in various juvenile justice systems have traditionally been\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eidentified as shifts towards either the welfare\/individual treatment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003emodel (¿Welfare Model¿) or retributive justice model (¿Retributive\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eModel¿). In Welfare Model systems, criticisms that the juvenile\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoffender was treated with too much leniency and was not made\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccountable for his actions resulted into reforms which focused on\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eretribution and greater punishment. In Retributive Model systems,\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecriticisms that retribution and punishment did not actually reduce\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erecidivism of offenders resulted into reforms which focused on their\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erehabilitation and treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe tension between these two models arise in the different treatment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eaccorded the primary actor in this system, the juvenile offender. In the\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWelfare Model, the juvenile offender is considered victim of his\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecircumstances and is given individualized treatment in accordance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith his needs. On the other hand, the Retributive Model treats the\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoffender as a menace to society and punishes and incarcerates him.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth models, however, fail to take into account two other important\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efigures in the system ¿ the victim whom the offender has wronged and\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe community which is indirectly harmed by the wrongful acts of the\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoffender. The failure of existing models in addressing the needs of the\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003evictim and society led to reforms in their key components. A notable reform in the Retributive Model reflects the growing concern\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor the victim and the efforts made to enhance victim participation in\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe system. Rather than simply focusing on punishment of the\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eoffender through state processes, the victim is given greater\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparticipation and role in the sanctioning process. This can be seen in\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe reforms made in Japan¿s juvenile justice system. Another\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eimportant reform in the Retributive Model is the building of positive\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecommunity support and pressure such as the parent responsibility\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eordinances and juvenile curfew statutes in the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783640116782\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783640116782","offer_id":39440691757149,"sku":"9783640116782","price":27.95,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/a111914a-e62f-4e0c-aa3b-68296493425a.jpg?v=1777611226","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/contemporary-trends-in-juvenile-justice-von-claire-angelique-nolasco","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}