{"product_id":"computing-with-words-principal-concepts-and-ideas-von-lotfi-a-zadeh","title":"Computing with Words","description":"\n                                \n                \u003cp\u003eIn essence, Computing with Words (CWW) is a system of computation in which the objects of computation are predominantly words, phrases and propositions drawn from a natural language. CWW is based on fuzzy logic. In science there is a deep-seated tradition of according much more respect to numbers than to words. In a fundamental way, CWW is a challenge to this tradition. What is not widely recognized is that, today, words are used in place of numbers in a wide variety of applications ranging from digital cameras and household appliances to fraud detection systems, biomedical instrumentation and subway trains. \u003c\/p\u003e\n                                \n                \u003cp\u003eCWW offers a unique capability—the capability to precisiate natural language. Unprecisiated (raw) natural language cannot be computed with. A key concept which underlies precisiation of meaning is that of the meaning postulate: A proposition, p, is a restriction on the values which a variable, X—a variable which is implicit in p—is allowed to take. \u003c\/p\u003e\n                                \n                \u003cp\u003eCWW has an important ramification for mathematics. Addition of the formalism of CWW to mathematics empowers mathematics to construct mathematical solutions of computational problems which are stated in a natural language. Traditional mathematics does not have this capability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n                            \n            \u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783642274725\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePrincipal Concepts and Ideas\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783642436499\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePrincipal Concepts and Ideas\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Hardcover - 9783642274725","offer_id":40571117731933,"sku":"9783642274725","price":106.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"Softcover - 9783642436499","offer_id":39431446003805,"sku":"9783642436499","price":106.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/f0faf308-c0df-4311-9ec7-3f8120ef22d0.jpg?v=1774158431","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/computing-with-words-principal-concepts-and-ideas-von-lotfi-a-zadeh","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}