{"product_id":"biology-and-biochemistry-of-host-pathogen-interactions-in-marine-brown-algae-von-frithjof-christian-kupper","title":"Biology and biochemistry of host-pathogen interactions in marine brown algae","description":"Associations of marine algae with symbiotic or parasitic microorganisms are ubiquitous\nphenomena known for a long time. However, there is an almost complete lack of knowledge\non details of such interactions. The intention of this study is to use the potentials of modern\nbiological and biochemical techniques in order to analyze the reaction of brown algal hosts to\nthe attack by pathogens and epibionts.\nA 3-year field study at different localities on the European Atlantic coast revealed that\nPylaiella littoralis populations were subject to massive epidemics of the parasites\nEurychasma dicksonii, Chytridium polysiphoniae and Anisolpidium rosenvingei. Laboratory\ncultures were used to investigate the association of Eurychasma and Chytridium with brown\nalgal hosts from different taxonomic groups: Eurychasma has a much broader host range than\nChytridium, comprising members of all brown algal orders investigated, and it tolerates a\nwider range of temperatures than the latter. Phylogenetic studies based upon 18 S rRNA\ngenes revealed that Eurychasma dicksonii belongs to the Oomycota, branching at an ancestral\nposition between terrestrial plant pathogens and free-living members of the marine\nheterotrophic picoplankton. Chytridium polysiphoniae, a fungus, appears more closely related\nto the genera Rhizophydium and Spizellomyces (Chytridiomycota) than to other known\nChytridium species. Chytridium produces chitin, whilst Eurychasma does not. Early stages of\nEurychasma infection have a rather modest effect on host physiology. The photosynthetic\ncapacity is enhanced, suggesting a temporary stimulation of host metabolism for hypertrophic\ngrowth. Chytridium, in contrast, has an immediate detrimental effect on host photosynthesis,\nwhich breaks down once a cell is infected, leading to the rapid death of infected cells.\nLaboratory cultures of kelp sporophytes (Laminaria digitata, Macrocystis pyrifera)\nwere used to study biochemical responses of hosts to pathogen attack. Oligoalginates are\nrecognized by L. digitata sporophytes as endogenous elicitors, triggering a rapid oxidative\nburst, an efflux of iodine, and a resistance to attack by a pathogenic endophyte\n(Laminariocolax tomentosoides). Furthermore, the oxidative burst also seems to convey\nnatural resistance against alginolytic, bacterial epibionts and non-host resistance against\nEurychasma dicksonii. Signal transduction following oligosaccharide recognition includes\nK+, Cl- and Ca2+ channels, protein phosphorylation and phospholipase A2. The capacity of\nperforming an oxidative burst appears as a characteristic feature of the alginate-rich,\nmorphologically complex sporophytes of the Laminariales, whilst the vast majority of other\nbrown algae do not show this response.\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783896496959\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783896496959","offer_id":39444302987357,"sku":"9783896496959","price":65.45,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/71966ec9-3610-4dae-81fa-c5359882fc83.jpg?v=1776498435","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/biology-and-biochemistry-of-host-pathogen-interactions-in-marine-brown-algae-von-frithjof-christian-kupper","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}