{"product_id":"a-second-look-at-political-reform-the-future-course-of-a-changing-japanese-state-von-satoshi-machidori-s","title":"A Second Look at Political Reform The Future Course of a Changing Japanese State","description":"\u003cp\u003ePolitical reform has been a focal point of Japanese politics since the late 1980s. Its\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etarget included many institutions, covering almost all the public spheres. It comprehensively\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etransformed and continues to reform the Japanese polity. While institutional\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003echanges were almost complete by the early 2000s, they do not become the\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epast. Currently we see their results and effects in daily political processes. For\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eexample, we find words such as \"prime ministerial rule (shusho shihai)\" and\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"prime minister's office leadership (Kantei shud¿)\" in many forms of news coverage\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etoday. Such terms were seldom used for the description and analysis of\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolicymaking processes in postwar Japan before the 1990s.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt should be noted that many industrialized countries tackled comprehensive\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereforms of political institutions between the late 1980s and early 2000s. France\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eshortened the presidential tenure by constitutional reform in 2002 to prevent cohabitation,\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ea salient political phenomenon in the 1980s and the 1990s. Italy introduced a\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enew rule for the lower house election, which was a mixed (parallel) system of the\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esingle-member district one and proportional representation (SMD-PR) in 1994, in\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eorder to establish a more competitive relationship between two major parties or party\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ealliances. A similar electoral system was also adopted in New Zealand in 1996,\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich was aimed rather at having more diverse parties in legislature. There was\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eclearly a major trend towards changing electoral rules as well as the roles and tenures\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof the chief executives. We can easily add more cases such as Korea and Taiwan on\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe list.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccordingly, political reforms in Japan should be understood not only in the\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003econtext of postwar Japanese history with its changing socioeconomic and international\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eenvironment, but also in connection with the trend shared by other industrialized\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003enations. While this book does concern itself with the continuities and\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediscontinuities from the pre-reform Japanese politics, relying, as it does, largely on\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eworks in Japanese, it is always conscious of the connection with theoretical frameworks\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003efor analyzing political reforms in the industrialized countries.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9781835208458\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Autorenwelt Shop","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9781835208458","offer_id":46970679787845,"sku":"9781835208458","price":35.3,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/products\/0a32e559-4b4e-494b-93fd-42fcb21c3a6c.png?v=1694114089","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/a-second-look-at-political-reform-the-future-course-of-a-changing-japanese-state-von-satoshi-machidori-s","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}