{"product_id":"a-critical-analysis-of-turkeys-fight-against-the-pkk-von-zuhal-ay-hamdan","title":"A Critical Analysis of Turkey's Fight Against the PKK","description":"\u003cp\u003eTurkish State adopted strict policies and severe  military methods in the 1990s in order to overcome  the PKK (Workers Party of Kurdistan) that challenged  Turkish state establishment via its ethno-political  discourse and hence, was regarded mainly as a  terrorist organization against national security.  This book analyses each government''s approach and  counterinsurgency policies as well as Turkish  military''s tactics and operations in order to curb  the PKK threat in the 1990s. Besides, it tries to  answer how such policies complicated the Kurdish  question, and challenged Turkish state from three  directions; namely southeast Turkey, northern Iraq,  and Western Europe. Although the anti-PKK policies  during each governmental period did not  differentiate much from each other, the aim is to  show that Turkish civilian authorities failed to  take the initiative on, and the military-dominated  approach aggravated the social and political  circumstances in the region, hence, strengthened the  PKK''s anti-state discourse that led to the rise of  Kurdish nationalism\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783844332575\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eThe Governmental Policies and Military Methods Against the Workers Party of Kurdistan (PKK) in the 1990s\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Autorenwelt Shop","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783844332575","offer_id":39495939162205,"sku":"9783844332575","price":79.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/85cb3c11-10aa-4ada-8c2d-9865200f4b56.jpg?v=1772866129","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/products\/a-critical-analysis-of-turkeys-fight-against-the-pkk-von-zuhal-ay-hamdan","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}