{"product_id":"the-bayreuth-festival-during-the-third-reich-von-helmut-strauss","title":"The Bayreuth Festival during the 'Third Reich'","description":"\u003cp\u003eSeminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject History Europe - Germany - National Socialism, World War II, grade: A (1,0), The New School (Historical Studies), course: Modern Dictatorship and Political Religion, language: English, abstract: [...]\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSince its founding in 1876, the Bayreuth Festival had been a locus of representation for\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epolitically prominent figures; among the guests of the first Festival were the German Emperor\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWilhelm I and the Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro II2. In the years to come, Bayreuth would\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ekeep its meaning as a ¿political symbol¿ 3.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom 1933 on, the Wagnerian Hitler used the Festival for both the representation of his\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eperson and his regime. The Foundations for this appropriation were both ideological and\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epersonal:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFirstly, after Richard Wagner¿s death, his ¿Bayreuth disciples¿ 4, grouped in the ¿Bayreuth\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCircle¿ 5 especially Hans von Wolzogen and Houston Stewart Chamberlain6, created the ¿Bayreuth ideä 7; in this process of formulating their ¿German Wagnerism¿ as a völkisch\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eideology, they focused more on Wagner¿s prose writings8, than on his music, and especially\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eemphasized Wagner¿s anti-Semitism9.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 Eger, Manfred: Die Bayreuther Festspiele, in: Müller, Ulrich\/Wapnewski, Peter (eds.): Richard-Wagner-\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandbuch, Stuttgart 1986, p. 589-624, here: p. 596.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3 Schmidt, Michael: Bayreuth als politisches Symbol. 125 Jahre Richard-Wagner-Festspiele, in: Neue\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGesellschaft. Frankfurter Hefte 48 (2001), p. 470-474.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4 Large, David Clay: Wagner¿s Bayreuth Disciples, in: Large, David C. \u0026amp; Weber, William (eds.): Wagnerism in\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEuropean Culture and Politics, Ithaka and London 1984, p. 72-133.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5 Schüler, Winfried: Der Bayreuther Kreis von seiner Entstehung bis zum Ausgang der Wilhelminischen Ära,\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMünster 1971.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 The English-born racial theoretician Chamberlain had from 1888 on contact with Wagner¿s widow Cosima; in\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1908, he married Eva Wagner, the daughter of Richard and Cosima and moved to Bayreuth; see Large, David Clay: Ein Spiegelbild des Meisters? Die Rassenlehre von Houston Stewart Chamberlain, in: Borchmeyer,\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDieter\/Maayani, Ami\/Vill (eds.), Susanne: Richard Wagner und die Juden, Stuttgart \u0026amp;Weimar 2000., p. 140-\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e159.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7 Large, Disciples, op.cit., p.133.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 Large, Disciples, op.cit., p. 133.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 For a differentiated and instructive analysis of Wagner¿s anti-Semitism see Katz, Jacob: The Darker Side og\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGenius. Richard Wagner¿s Anti-Semitism. Hanover \u0026amp; London, 1986.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783656460947\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783656460947","offer_id":39433640411229,"sku":"9783656460947","price":15.95,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/64c3f10c-d373-4d2b-8caa-fd255b32fb92.jpg?v=1778044798","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/en\/products\/the-bayreuth-festival-during-the-third-reich-von-helmut-strauss","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}