{"product_id":"terrorism-and-transnational-organized-crime-von-claudia-muller","title":"Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime","description":"\u003cp\u003eSeminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: 1,0, Humboldt-University of Berlin, language: English, abstract: ¿We will direct every resource at our command to win the war against terrorists, every means of\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ediplomacy, every tool of intelligence, every instrument of law enforcement, every financial influence.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe will starve the terrorists of funding, turn them against each other, rout them out of their safe\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehiding places, and bring them to justice¿ (Cited in Biersteker and Eckert 2008: 1).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePresident George W. Bush, September 24, 2001\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the immediate aftermath of the attacks in the United States on 11 September 2001 President W.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBush declared Americäs ¿War on Terrorism¿ in which he assured to defeat terrorist movements\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand their methods of funding that could be used to support the acts of global terrorist (Biersteker\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Eckert 2008; 1). The examination of broader terrorism studies literature shows ¿financial and\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ematerial resources are correctly perceived as the lifeblood of terrorist operations, and governments\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ehave determined that fighting the financial infrastructure of terrorist organizations is the key to\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003etheir defeat¿ (Grialdo and Trinkunas 2007; 1). Since the attacks of 9\/11 the US has designed a strong\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003estrategy to fight terrorist groups and their financing. International and national measures have been\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecarried out such as the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism,\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe enforcement of international sanctions, and the expansion of law enforcement to target\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eterrorism financing and disrupt terrorist operation (Sheppard 2002). However, the spectrum of\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eterrorist funding is broad. In particular, the increasing reliance on criminal activities by terrorist since\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe end of the Cold War and the subsequent decline of state sponsorship, such as the rising pressure\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof law enforcement, network structures became an essential source to safeguard the existence\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof many terrorist and criminal groups. The development of the so- called ¿crime- terror¿ nexus, in\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhich two traditionally autonomous groups started to expose various operational and structural\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eparallels, implicated a key income source for terrorists and has brought sheer difficulty to develop\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esuccessful strategies to freeze the terrorist monetary trail. In the following, this essay examines the\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003einvolvement of terrorist groups in criminal activities as a source of funding and whether or not it is a\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003esustainable and profitable source for terrorist funding. Moreover, we try to evaluate to what extent\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ethe so- called ¿terror-crime nexus¿ poses a threat to global security.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783656421351\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783656421351","offer_id":39431143358557,"sku":"9783656421351","price":17.95,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/2ca785dc-f149-47f7-8074-8b3357c5e4fa.jpg?v=1778043806","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/en\/products\/terrorism-and-transnational-organized-crime-von-claudia-muller","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}