{"product_id":"optical-amplifiers-a-hybrid-approach-von-syed-muhammad-bilal-und-m-zafrullah","title":"Optical Amplifiers - A Hybrid Approach","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis book explains the construction of a hybrid  amplifier consisted of one stage of  Erbium doped  Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and two stages of RAMAN  amplifiers for achieving gain flattening in long  haul  Density Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM)  systems. Gain Flattening is achieved for the entire  C-band and L-band. Two of the RAMAN fibers are  cascaded in series to repress the intensity noise  which occurs due to double Rayleigh scattering.  Backward pumping is applied at all stages in order  to  increase the gain of EDFA and to decrease the  Polarization dependent gain (PDG) of RFA.   Simulation  results showed that the hybrid amplifier has the  average Gain of more than 24 dB in the wavelength  range between 1530-1605 nm, with the Noise Figure  (NF) of less than 6 dB. The Gain of the EDFA and  RAMAN was optimized to minimize the ripple value as  low as 0.7 dB with an output power of 14.076 dBm.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783844333565\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eSIMULATION OF EDFA\/RAMAN HYBRID AMPLIFIER ACHIEVING GAIN FLATTENING FOR LONG HAUL DWDM SYSTEMS\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Autorenwelt Shop","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783844333565","offer_id":39470018887773,"sku":"9783844333565","price":49.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/0e91e7b6-e5b6-458a-a658-854549ceec3f.jpg?v=1758778471","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/en\/products\/optical-amplifiers-a-hybrid-approach-von-syed-muhammad-bilal-und-m-zafrullah","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}