{"product_id":"gene-vaccination-theory-and-practice-von-eyal-raz-hrsg","title":"Gene Vaccination: Theory and Practice","description":"\u003cp\u003enomenon [26]. Indeed, Krieg et al. [21] showed that the elimination of the CpG in a particular ODN invariably abolished immune stimulation, but changes in the ODN sequences that did not affect the CpG or the flanking bases did not alter the immuno­ stimulatory (IS) effect. Furthermore, they extended the initial observations of the IS effects to non-palindromic CpG-enriched ODN [21]. Subsequent studies showed that CpG-enriched ODN also induce the secretion of IL-6 and IL-12 [19] and IFN-a [6, 27]. By adding or deleting various IS sequences (ISS)-ODN to or from different pDNAs, it was demonstrated that the ISS have a pivotal role in the induction of the subsequent immune response to the gene product in gene-vaccinated animals. The enhanced Thl immune response induced by gene vaccination is the consequence of the activation of the innate immune response by the ISS in the pDNA backbone [30, 31], rather than the low dose of intracellularly produced antigen. The cell activation products induced by the ISS, i. e. , IFN-a [3], IFN-~ [43], IL-12 [37], and IL-18 [25], are established inducers of IFN-y synthesis and promote the differentiation of naive T helper cells to Thl lym­ phocytes. Thus, the ISS activate the precise innate cytokine network required to pro­ mote Thl differentiation (see Fig. 1). In a recent study it was demonstrated that this ap­ proach is also applicable to a protein antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9783642468698\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9783642468698","offer_id":39444319305821,"sku":"9783642468698","price":106.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/677ba099-9217-4f48-884c-7c473e095cc9.jpg?v=1749102236","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/en\/products\/gene-vaccination-theory-and-practice-von-eyal-raz-hrsg","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}