{"product_id":"biodiesel-production-von-r-ramalingam-mohamed-rifash-obaidullah-und-s-sukumar","title":"Biodiesel Production","description":"\u003cp\u003eScallop shell (CaO) was assessed as a heterogeneous basic catalyst for the transesterification of waste cooking oil with a high FFA level. Biodiesel was produced through transesterification. The waste cooking oil was filtered and blended for 30 minutes at room temperature in a magnetic stirrer. The esterified oil was then transformed into biodiesel using calcinated scallop shells (CaO) as a catalyst and a methanol-to-oil ratio of 6:1. The characteristics of the CaO catalyst were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM¿EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The structure of scallop shells was also characterized using FTIR.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9786206769521\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eUtilization of Waste Scallop Shell (Pectidae) for Biodiesel Production\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Autorenwelt Shop","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9786206769521","offer_id":47243813847365,"sku":"9786206769521","price":50.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/aa9f4e54-a23f-49ff-9a6c-9034ba931a6c.png?v=1758956175","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/en\/products\/biodiesel-production-von-r-ramalingam-mohamed-rifash-obaidullah-und-s-sukumar","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}