{"product_id":"a-scheme-for-self-issuable-e-cash-systems-divisible-and-transferable-e-cash-available-also-in-offline-environments-von-shinsuke-tamura","title":"A Scheme for Self-Issuable E-cash Systems","description":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough e-cash systems are widely used, currently available e-cash is not a complete replacement of real cash, e.g. authorities can know merchandise for which the e-cash was paid from information included in e-cash despite they may be secrets of the cash holders. Also, protection of e-cash from dishonest entities in offline environments is not easy. A payee of e-cash cannot determine whether the e-cash a payer is paying was used already at other places or not when databases about already used e-cash are not available for example. To completely replace real cash with e-cash, this book develops a self-issuable e-cash scheme that satisfies all essential requirements. Namely, cash holders cannot forge e-cash and only a legitimate cash holder can use its e-cash. Also, no one except cash holders themselves can know their purchases or can link their consecutive purchases. In addition, cash holders can divide their e-cash into ones of arbitrary values to pay for small purchases, they can use e-cash that was paid by others, and e-cash is protected from dishonest uses even in offline environments where databases about issued or used e-cash are not available.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"aw-variant-hidden-subtitle-div\" id=\"aw-variant-subtitle-9786139815531\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eDivisible and transferable e-cash available also in offline environments\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Libri","offers":[{"title":"Softcover - 9786139815531","offer_id":39459662102621,"sku":"9786139815531","price":32.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0940\/0622\/files\/567f5d5d-6241-4f4e-8fca-1c6b2117d071.jpg?v=1773731702","url":"https:\/\/shop.autorenwelt.de\/en\/products\/a-scheme-for-self-issuable-e-cash-systems-divisible-and-transferable-e-cash-available-also-in-offline-environments-von-shinsuke-tamura","provider":"Autorenwelt Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}